Guidelines for environmental surveillance of poliovirus circulation
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Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. v Abbreviations AFP acute flaccid paralysis CPE cytopathogenic effect EPI Expanded Programme on Immunization (WHO) ITD intratypic differentiation of poliovirus isolates to determine whether wild or vaccine like MOH Ministry of Health NIDs national immunization days NPL national poliovirus laboratory NSL non-Sabin-like (wild) viruses (result reported from certain ITD tests of polioviruses) OPV oral polio vaccine PEG polyethylene glycol PV poliovirus RRL regional reference laboratory SL Sabin-like poliovirus. Result reported from certain ITD tests of polioviruses VDPV vaccine-derived poliovirus (isolates of poliovirus demonstrating 1 to 15% difference from parent OPV strains by full VP1 sequence homology consistent with an extensive period of virus excretion or transmission in the community) WHO World Health Organization v i Summary Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance is the gold standard for surveillance in the polio eradication initiative. Under certain circumstances valuable supplementary information can be obtained by environmental surveillance. However, because of inherent limitations and additional resource requirements, environmental surveillance should be restricted to selected populations where deficiencies in AFP surveillance are suspected and where conditions exist that render the population at risk for poliovirus circulation (e.g. low polio vaccination coverage or risk of poliovirus importation). Environmental surveillance should only be implemented after careful planning of all steps in the operation and thorough assessment of the potential …
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تاریخ انتشار 2003